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Farm building
Bank, Martin ; Burianová, Lenka (referee) ; Kacálek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of the master’s thesis is a project documentation of an farm building. It is a new building of stable for breeding of cows of Holstein cattle and accessories necessary for securing it is operation. The building is located in the cadastral territory of municipality Chromeč, district Šumperk. Base consist of a single building object and a stable construction builds up a second object. These two objects are operationally linked and they are connected by the gangway. The stable is designed for a maximum of 278 heads of Holstein cattle. The stable is a single-storey indoor building. In the background there are rooms and equipment necessary to procuring stable operation. A Base is a brick object with two floors. On the ground floor is a waiting room, parlour, technical facilities, rooms for a production of cheese and a cheese shop. Attic there is a background of employees, which is only over a part of the object. Roofs are slanting saddle-shaped. Building estate is situated in the flat terrain.
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Využití embryotransferu v chovu holštýnského skotu
Musilová, Ivana
This bachelor’s thesis gives an overview and basic information about the method of transferring embryos in cows, basic procedures needed for its realization, physiological processes related to reproduction, and other methods used when working with embryos. It describes the embryo transfer from the farmer’s point of view (such as choosing and preparing the donor cow, collection of embryos and manipulation with them) but also from the animal’s perspective (ovarian and sexual cycle, impregnation, and embryo development). In the practical part, there is an evaluation of data gained over the years 2019 to 2021 from a dairy farm Agras Bohdalov a.s. During the evaluated period there were approximately 57 embryo flushings per year, 442 embryos were collected and 263 of them were suitable for transfer. About 59.3 % of this amount was transferred immediately and the rest was frozen. In total, 268 calves were born from fresh embryos and 67.54 % of them were heifers. There were 179 donor cows chosen and flushed over the three monitored years and 45 % of them were heifers. The most frequently used bulls were Twitch (used 13 times total) and Nighthawk (10 times).
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Vliv teploty ve stáji na mléčnou užitkovost a pohybovou aktivitu holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Vaňkátová, Eliška
The thesis deals with the effect of temperature in the barn on milk yield and locomotor activity of Holstein dairy cattle in a selected breeding system. The evaluation of milk performance was represented by the average daily milk yield, milk components content, namely fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count and urea content. The literature review discusses the history, characteristics and breeding objective of the breed under study. It also describes the stall environment, heat stress and ways of eliminating it. Dairy performance, locomotor activity and the factors influencing them are also described. Data collection was carried out on the Vadín dairy farm in the Vysočina region. Thirty Holstein, calved within 4 weeks during the January and February. Cows were monitored for one year. The results do not show that the average daily temperature had a negative effect on the average daily milk yield. On the other hand, the effect of average daily temperature on the individual milk components was confirmed. As the average daily temperature increased, the fat, protein and urea content of the milk decreased, while the lactose content increased. The dependence of the number of somatic cells in milk on the average daily temperature was not confirmed. Also, the dependence of physical activity on average daily temperature was very weak.
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Zhodnocení efektivity vyhledávání říjí skotu pomocí systému Ovalert
Janečková, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis is focused on reproduction in cattle, specifically detection of estrus using various methods which aim is to detect estrus in time. In the introduction of a literary section, there are information about fertility, influences that affect fertility and sexual maturity. The summary chapter about physiology of reproduction includes a set of information about genitals, corpus luteum and reproduction cycle, including its hormonal control. Subsequently, attention is focussed on estrus, detection of estrus and methods of detection. Synchronization of estrus, insemination, reinsemination and reproductive indicators are mentioned at the end of the literature review. Practical part is devoted to evaluation of results of the reproduction of a specific company. Two periods are monitored, namely before and after introduction of system Ovalert. Finally, costs of the reproduction are evaluated. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the methods of estrus detection and evaluates the system Ovalert.
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Porovnání získaných informací o množství nadojeného mléka z kontroly užitkovosti a z dojírenských systémů
Žáková, Monika
The aim of this thesis was to compare milking data from farm productivity control and milking systems. Data collection using a PDA was used here as part of a performance check when milk from each dairy cow was recorded manually from a currently calibrated measuring system. The data from the milking system was downloaded from the Farmsoft program, which is used on farms to manage the herd. The comparison took place in 90 dairy cows when 3 lactations were evaluated from each. The difference between the data from the milking parlour system and the KU was confirmed on one of the three farms with more than a 5% probability. The average difference between milk yield was 4.2 kg and the maximum deviation reached 54.1 kg. Several possibilities have been identified as reasons for the difference. The first option is an inappropriate identification device in the form of responders on collars, when there is greater damage and the impossibility of loading dairy cows at the milking parlour. Subsequently, it is possible to point to the different techniques of the milking parlours, where the technology from the BouMatic farm appears to be less reliable. Another possible cause is a misconfiguration of the milking technology with the computer system. Further research into the possible causes of poor identification of dairy cows and the acquisition of innovative technologies for animal identification is recommended.
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Výskyt ketóz ve vybraném chovu dojených krav v letech 2020-2022
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Petra
Ketosis is a disorder of energy metabolism characterised by reduced milk yield, inappetence and weight loss. Ketosis also affects milk composition. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the incidence of ketosis in a selected dairy cow herd. The incidence of ketosis was evaluated in lactating Holstein cows over a period of three years (2020-2022) in the dairy farm in Žákava. Ketosis was detected on the basis of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) content in the blood of the cows using the FreeStyle Optium NEO device. A BHB value of 1.0 mmol/l or higher was considered as an individual affected by ketosis. A total of 1740 dairy cows were included in the study. Ketosis ocurred at a relatively stable level of 20 %. There were fluctuations in the frequency of ketosis across seasons, as well as fluctuations in the average blood BHB content. The effect of the treatment procedure and the effect of prevention on the incidence of ketosis were also investigated. The treatment success rate was 80.41 % for the study period. Treatment with monopropylene glycol and prodigestane was largely successful. Intravenous glucose administration had a slightly lower success rate. Preventive measures had a positive effect on both the frequency of ketosis and the average blood BHB content. In addition, the presence of ketones bodies in milk, the relation of ketone bodies in blood to ketone bodies in milk and the effect of elevated blood BHB on milk composition were determined according to performance monitoring protocols. Both acetone and BHB contents were increased in milk from sick cows. The levels of ketone bodies in milk are positively correlated with the level of BHB in blood. Increased blood BHB content results in a change of content of individual milk components. The highest difference was found in the fat content, an increase of 4,89 %. Further, the citric acid content increased with the BHB content of the blood and the protein, lactose, non-fat dry matter and urea content decrease.
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Stav vybraných krevních ukazatelů u dojnic s užitkovostí 11000 kg mléka za laktaci v období puerperia
BASTLOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor thesis on the topic "Status of selected blood parameters in dairy cows with milk yield of 11000 kg of milk per lactation in the puerperium period" deals with the postpartum period and blood parameters that can be affected in this period. The aim of the study was to evaluate the selected blood parameters in the puerperium periodusing mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, coefficient of variation and correlation coefficient. The blood were provided from the breeding of highproducing Holstein dairy cows Chyšná in the enterprise Agropodnik Košetice a.s. with an average milk yield in the observed period of 11553 kg of milk. The most significant changes in all four periods were observed in the lower levels of red blood cell parameters (erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit). Leukocyte counts showed high variability from month to month, with the highest recorder in September 2022 and the lowest in August 2022. Another indicator that changed significantly from the physiological range was glucose concentration in October and November. Alkaline phosphatase was only in a few cases above the upper limit of the physiological range. Total protein and red blood cell indices varied based on the lactation order. The higher the lactation, the higher these values were and vice versa.
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Vybrané vlivy na reprodukci dojnic u stáda holštýnského skotu
BENEŠOVÁ, Dominika
Even though the Czech Republic average values of fertility indicators have improved in previous years, their maximum values are still exceeded in individual farms. This bachelor's thesis dealt with the evaluation of selected influences on the overall level of reproduction in the Holstein cattle herd. The aim of my work was to develop a literature review on the reproduction of cow reproduce. The literature review concerned their reproductive indicators, repro-ductive management together with methods of controlled reproduction and the main factors that influence the reproduction ability of a given dam. Another stated goal of this work was to evaluate selected factors that influence their reproduction in a se-lected herd of Holstein cattle. The analysis of fertility indicators and selected influ-ences took place on the Hadačka farm, belonging to company Kralovická zeměděská a.s. 242 cows of Holstein cattle or their hybrids were included in the monitored group, these selected dairy cows met the following criteria: they calved for the first time from 2019 to 2022 and at the same time were admitted, pregnant and calved in this defined time. The following fertility indicators were analyzed in chosen breed: length of ser-vice period, length of insemination interval and length between-calving interval. Sub-sequently, these selected indicators were evaluated depending on lactation order, daily and average daily milk yield, age at first calving and breed. As the lactation phase increases, the period of reproductive indicators is short-ened. The shortest period of fertility indicators (service period -68 days, insemination interval -68 days, calving interval -365 days) was showed by dairy cows in the 5th lactation, and the longest service period (107 days) by dairy cows in the 1st lactation, insemination interval (71 days) for the 3rd and 4th lactation and calving interval (390 days) in dairy cows for the 2nd lactation. Regarding the influence of daily milk and average daily milk yield, it was found that the shortest service period and insemination interval were analyzed in dairy cows with the largest daily milk (46-60 l) and average daily milk yield (56-65 l). On the contrary, the shortest calving interval was found for both daily (8-20 l) and average daily milk (11-25 l) in dairy cows with the lowest value of the milk production. In connection with the age at the 1st calving, it was determined that the shortest time of service period (98 days) and calving interval (380 days) are showed by dairy cows that calved for the first time at an earlier age (636 to 710 days, respectively at 21 to 23 months). On the contrary, the shortest time of insemination interval showed by heifers that calved for the first time at a later age (787 to 950 days, 25 to 31 months). The longest time of service period and calving interval are achieved by heif-ers that calved at the latest age (787-950 days). Comparing fertility indicators between purebred animals and their hybrids, pure-bred animals showed a longer service period (by 2 days) and insemination interval (by 0.5 days). On the contrary, the longest calving interval is shown by hybrids (387 days), which is 9 days longer than that of purebred animals (378 days).
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Vliv ročního období a četnosti pastvy na produkci mléka a mléčných výrobků od krav holštýnského skotu ve vybraném podniku
Kulišťáková, Michaela
In this work, the effects of seasons and frequency of grazing on the quality of Holstein cattle´s milk and milk products was monitored. Data from milk reccording of Z. P. Z. farm in Valašská Bystřice were used to obtain the results for year 2015. Dairy cows were categorized in numerical order of lactation into the three numerically equal groups that are dairy cows in 1st, 2nd and 3rd to 6th lactation. Deviations of milk yield were being observed during the year in relation to pasture. We also studied whether there was also change in representation of other milk components, especially in fat and proteins in the particular groups and well as in the whole herd. The results of the analysis showed that the most balanced milk yield during the monitoring of dairy cows was achieved in the winter months. When coming to and leaving from the pasture, we recorded significant declines in all observed values. During period of grazing, our results were highly fluctuating with the lowest values of milk yield (24.65 kg) and content of fat (3.67 %) recorded in August, which we attribute to high average daily temperatures. However, highest values were recorded during January for milk yields (32.25 kg) and during December for contents of fat and proteins (4.47 % and 3.37 % respectively). Effect of seasons on milk products was evaluated according to market demand. Highest demand for cheese and quark was recorded during spring months.
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Analýza životních projevů dojnic ve volném kotcovém ustájení
Surmová, Lucie
Bacholor thesis is focused on the analysis of vital sings in the pens. The aim is to these vital sings analyze and evaluate the results. The first half is devoted to the theoretical basis of the issue. The introductory part introduces the concepts of Holstein cattle, milk yield, lactation, ethology and technology cattle housing. The practikal part is processed by a specifict analysis. Observations took place in the summer, in July and August one a month. Followed mainly the following activities: eating, drinking, chewing, urine, standing, lying down. Attention was also paid to the efficiency of dairy cattle and lactaion. From the rusults it was found that the yield was higher, the content of milk components was lower. And this was recorded for lactation with increasing lactation yield going up, but the lower the value of dairy ingredients. Dairy cows on the second higher lactation lay more than cows at first lactation.
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